Preventing The Use Biological Weapons And Bioterrorism: A Dilemma İn A World Full Of Conspiracies – Mustafa Çakır – Adalet Yayınevi

In all human history, man has always used biological weapons in his bellicose conquests. Since Alexander, who contaminated the drinking water of the cities he besieged with corpses of putrefying animals, until Sir Jeffrey Amherst, commander of the British troops in North America, who would have suggested using smallpox to fight against the rebellion of the population in the 18th century, which is certainly the first attack consciously proven to be biological.Biological weapon or germ weapon as often called is a disease infecting agent such as bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, toxins, or other biological means that may be developed as weapons against animals including humans and plants. Some analysts consider and rank biological organisms as cultivated or genetically engineered to be the most plausible dangerous of all existing weapons technologies of today's world.After the works of Louis Pasteur in France and Robert Koch in Germany took microbiology to the next level by being able to identify biological agents and use them to attain certain scientific goal like determining the causative agents of a disease, international community did not delay to recognize the danger they can cause; to respond to this new information, they formulated two declarations; one in 1874 in Brussels and another one in 1899 in the Hague to prohibit the use of poisonous weapons than can be invented from or direct deliberation of germs. This has been followed by the prohibition of biological warfare in the 1925 Geneva Protocol that makes it illegal to use asphyxiating and poisonous gases in war. It prohibits states from using biological and chemical weapons in international armed conflicts, more than 140 States signed the protocol.By August 2018, a total number of 175 states-parties have signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), Six States have only signed and did not ratify (Central African Republic, Egypt, Haiti, Somalia, Syria, and Tanzania), other countries like Ch...